Cello | Practicalities

Cello | Practicalities

Cello | Practicalities

Range

Professional and non-professional ranges of the cello, comparative ranges, and the qualities of the cello in various registers.

Range | Resources

The range of the cello, for professional orchestras, is C2 to E6. (Read, 1953)

The range of the cello, for non-professional orchestras, is C2 to C5. (Read, 1953)

The approximate upper limit for artificial harmonics on the cello (Forsyth, 1935, p. 424)

Range | Research

All Instrument, Orchestral Register

The range of the cello, by comparative orchestral register:

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Registral Considerations

Each of the strings has impact:

“A-string: the most penetrating string with the most brilliance; typical for solo passages. D-string: warm and gentle; very good for lyrical line. G-string: comparatively the weakest string, but still powerful. C-string: has true bass qualities; rich and sonorous” (Sevsay, 2005, p. 5)

Range | Repertoire

Examples from orchestration treatises examining qualities of the cello’s ranges in various excerpts from the repertoire. Organized by composer.

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Playing Techniques

This section quotes from orchestration treatises and links to sites containing information about cello basic and extended techniques.

Techniques | Resources

Techniques | Research

Bowing

This section explores how authors talk about bowing bowing on the cello. Organized by treatise and resource author.

Harmonics

This section explores how authors talks about harmonics on the cello. Organized by treatise and resource author.

Notation

This section explores how authors talks about notation on the cello. Organized by treatise and resource author.

Pizzicato

This section explores how authors talk about pizzicato pizzicato on the cello. Organized by treatise and resource author.

Ponticello

This section explores how authors talks about ponticello on the cello. Organized by treatise and resource author.

Sordino

This section explores how authors talks about sordino on the cello. Organized by treatise and resource author.

Stops

This section explores how authors talks about stops on the cello. Organized by treatise and resource author.

Tremolo

This section explores how authors talk about tremolo tremolo on the cello. Organized by treatise and resource author.

Trills

This section explores how authors talk about trills on the cello. Organized by treatise and resource author.


Bowing

This section explores bowing on the cello, organized by treatise and resource author.

"All the various kinds of bowing can be applied to the Cello. Very long slurs are impossible..."
—Fidler, 1921, p. 63.
"The Cello Bow is shorter, heavier, and less elastic than the Violin Bow. It can, however..."
—Forsyth, 1935, p. 424.

Pizzicato

This section explores how authors talk about pizzicato on the cello, organized by treatise and resource author.

"Single pizzicato notes are usually all played with the index finger of the right hand. Most orchestral string players have not developed a multi-finger pizzicato technique. If there is time to set the bow down, pizzicato playing can better controlled."
—Instrument Studies for Eyes and Ears | Read more
Audio and video examples of string pizzicato.
—Andrew Hugill, The Orchestra — A User's Manual | Read more
“A special word must be said with regard to the Cello pizzicato for, besides its stereotyped usefulness as the ordinary bass of the String pizzicato, it possesses exactly the right mixture of suppleness and resonance for playing what may be called left-hand pianoforte arpeggios. Used thus, it gives a delightful piquancy and a sort of subordinate prominence to its part. It is happiest when contrasted in a quiet ensemble with the bowed upper Strings or with the Wood Wind."
—Forsyth, 1935, pp. 426. | Read more
“127. An interesting and instructive example of the pizzicato for the violoncello is the following: [see figure]. The violoncelli pizzicato while the double-basses continue to play with the bow..."
—Prout, 1898, p. 55. | Read more
"The shorter the string, the drier the tone; what is the upper limit for pizzicato playing on the Cello? G# is still sonorous enough to leave behind it a vibration that recalls the bluish haze hovering over a distant landscape on a hot summer’s day."
—Widor, 1906, p. 177. | Read more

Range and Repertoire

Examples from orchestration treatises examining qualities of the cello’s ranges in various excerpts from the repertoire, organized by composer.

“Beethoven does not hesitate to take a Solo Cellist a fourth higher [than Haydn writing D5]. This is the phrase in his own step-ladder notation.”
—Forsyth, 1935, p. 415. | See figure | Read more

“To the musical ear the “D” is probably the most beautiful string on the Cello. Its notes differ totally from the same notes when played on the Viola..."
—Forsyth, 1935, p. 430. | See figure | Read more
“As a melodic instrument, the violoncello is one of the most important in the orchestra. There is a beautiful and expressive quality in its upper register that nothing else can replace..."
—Prout, 1898, p.57. | See figure | Read more
“Cette gamme atteint la limite aiguë assignée aux violoncelles dans la musique d'orchestre. Des sons aussi élevés apparaissent déjà chez Haydn.”
—Gevaert, 1885, p. 55. | See figure | Read more
“The following example presents a cadenza, kindly offered for use in this work by an excellent European Violoncellist (H. Holzmann)...”
—Kling, 1902, pp. 23–24. | See figure 1 | See figure 2 | Read more
“Passages written in these lofty nipping altitudes are fairly common in the most modern school of orchestration..."
—Forsyth, 1935, pp. 415–416. | See figure | Read more
“The bottom (covered) strings of the Cello bear some analogy to those of the Viola, but their tone is more 'straightforward' and less unexpected..."
—Forsyth, 1935, p. 431. | See figure | Read more
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Qualities

How are the cello’s timbres described by authors of orchestration treatises? This section links to ACTOR’s treatise analysis work, where texts have been analyzed; you will find lists of descriptors and the quotes and textbooks they are from. Read More ->

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