The History and Future of the Tuba Family

Figure 1: Serpent. Mersenne, 1637, p. 279.

Figure 2: Serpent. P. Ribo, Brussels, 2018.

Figure 3: Bass horn (Cimbasso). N. Perry, London, 1998.

Figure 4: Bass horn (English). Griesling & Schlott, Berlin, ca. 1820.

Figure 5: Bass Horn (Chromatic). Anon (possibly J. H. G. Streitwolf, Göttingen), ca. 1830.

Figure 6: Bass horn (Ophicleide). J. M. Labbaye, Paris, 1837.

Figure 7: Bass tuba (Berliner). Wieprecht and Moritz, 1835, Appendix I.

Figure 8: Bass tuba (Wiener). A. Kley, Berlin, ca. 1918.

Figure 9: Typical modern bass tuba.

Figure 10: Typical modern contrabass tuba.

Figure 11: Lowest pitches of valved low-pitch labrosone according to literature published 1837–2022.

Figure 12: Helmut Lachenmann, Concertini (2005), b. 373–376.

Figure 13: Modified fourth valve tuning slide with screw fitting; piezoelectric screw-on microphone.

Figure 14: Multi-direction speaker with 3D-printed mount.